rift guide

Hephaestus Books represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, this content has been curated from Wikipedia articles and images under Creative Commons licensing, although as Hephaestus Books continues to increase in scope and dimension, more licensed and public domain content is being added. We believe books such as this represent a new and exciting lexicon in the sharing of human knowledge. This particular book is a collaboration focused on Comic science fiction.

More info: Comic science fiction is a sub-genre of science fiction that exploits the genre’s conventions for comic effect. Comic science fiction often mocks or satirizes standard SF conventions like alien invasion of earth, interstellar travel, or futuristic technology.

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National parks, wildlife refuges and sanctuaries, natural reserves, conservation areas, frontier lands, and marine-protected areas are increasingly recognized as essential providers of ecosystem services and biological resources. As debates about climate change and sustainability intensify, protected areas become more important as indicators of ecosystem conditions in particular environments or in comparison with adjacent environments.

The first book of its kind, Remote Sensing of Protected Lands showcases state-of-the-art remote sensing applications for the inventory and monitoring of protected areas. Contributions from renowned scholars and experts from around the world are organized into four sections covering the use of remote sensing in:

• Changing landscapes and change detection
• Inventory, mapping, and conservation
• Inventory and monitoring of frontier lands
• Decision support for the management of protected lands

A View of Both the Forest and the Trees

Combining reviews of theories and methods with analysis of case studies, the book gives readers both a systematic view of the field and detailed knowledge of specific topics. Case studies explore key topics in the context of a wide range of protected areas, including national parks in the United States and Canada, the Albertine Rift in eastern Africa, the Amazon forests, the Changbai Mountain region in Northeast Asia, the frontier lands in Siberia and the Tibetan Plateau, and marine protected areas along the tropical and temperate Pacific and Atlantic coasts.

Alongside each case study, the book examines advanced remote sensing technologies such as airborne and spaceborne high spatial resolution imageries, multispectral and multitemporal time series data, satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), and the integration of remote sensing and field measurements for information extraction and modeling. Discussing challenges, lessons learned, and recommendations, this book provides a snapshot of how remote sensing techniques can be used to gather extensive spatial, spectral, temporal, and thematic information on protected lands and waters.

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Freshwater makes up only 2.5% of all the water on earth. Of this, groundwater comprises 99% of the earth?s available fresh water. And it is on this scarce resource that our future strongly relies. Thus, it is a necessity to study ground water potential for sustaining our future. In areas like the Main Ethiopia Rift, where tectonic activity complicated the search for groundwater, it is important to use the states of the art technology. In light of this fact, remote sensing and GIS tools have opened new vistas in water resources studies. Temporal data from remote sensing enables identification of groundwater aquifers and assessment of their changes, whereas, geographical information system enables integration of multi- thematic data. This book, therefore, provides a new approach using remote sensing, GIS, and statistics for identifying roles of geologic structures on groundwater flow and occurrence, in tectonically complex area. The analysis sheds light on grey areas of groundwater exploration and would benefit earth scientists, water well drilling companies, water resource managers, and anyone who is worrying about this scarce resource.

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Upper mantle xenoliths from three locales associated with the southern Rio Grande Rift have been investigated to determine lithosphere composition, chemical processes, and pre-eruptive pressure and temperature conditions. The sample locations, Potrillo and Elephant Butte, which are within the rift axis, and Adam’s Diggings located 100 km west of the rift axis, were specifically selected to evaluate spatial differences in mantle evolution.

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Lake Beseka has been drastically expanding from its original size of about 3Km2 (in the year 1964) to its current size of 41 km2 (in the year 2006) in the last four decades. Equally, the lake level has been rising at an average annual increment rate of 0.28m. The expansion of the lake has imposed several impacts on the social and natural environment of the surrounding area. The continuing rise of the lake level resulted in inundation of valuable grazing and farmland and watering points. Further rise could result in a complete inundation of the road and railway line passing nearby and substantial amount of the farm and grazing land in the vicinity. The ultimate increase in size of the lake may lead to the spillover of lake water into the river Awash, which due to the highly alkaline and saline nature of the former may affect the hydrochemistry of the river and the ecosystems down stream.

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The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) constitutes the northernmost part of the East African Rift System (EARS), connecting the EARS with the Afar triple junction and is an area characterized by active extensional tectonics and associated volcanic activities.The area of investigation, Tulu Moye, is situated in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), northwest of Asela, close to the eastern margin of the rift. It is a wide zone where tectonic and volcanic activities are concentrated. The aim of this study is therefore, to show the relationships between extensional structures (normal faults and tensional fissures) and associated volcanic edifices with the aid of Geographic Information System(GIS) for compilation of available geologic, structural and thermal field investigations. By integrating the Landsat images, aerial photographs and topo maps together with the field data the lithology and structures of the study area are mapped with better accuracy, minimum cost and shorter field seasons.Volcano ¿ tectonic data showed a close relationship between dense Quaternary faulting and associated eruptions.The area is characterized by three sets of intense quaternary faults.

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As seismic wave propagates through earth materials, wave amplitude attenuates as a result of several factors. From measurement of amplitude of seismic data, attenuation measurement can be computed which can provide a viable tool for lithology discrimination and weak ground motion prediction for the region under study.In this study, we discuss the effect of the medium on seismic wave propagations (particularly seismic wave attenuation) from which we model seismic wave attenuation mathematically and analyze the 2D- graphical model of the region under study. In doing so, we see the interrelationship between the attenuation coefficient and distance, attenuation coefficient and frequency content of the wave, and dissipation factors Q-1 and the frequency. From the model the attenuating behaviors of the region are discussed from the attenuation coefficient curve versus depth and evaluate the effects of the geology of the region on wave propagation for the Main Ethiopian Rift, Western and Eastern Ethiopian plateaus.

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This research presents results of an integrated approach including geochronology, paleomagnetism, petrography, x-ray diffraction analysis, depositional environment and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of Oligocene-age continental rift basin sediments. It provides a convincing analysis of the sedimentary and structural processes involved in the evolution of an Oligocene rift basin and offers inferences for both modern and ancient rift basins. The Chilga rift basin is located in northwestern Ethiopia, and it is a continental rift basin with isolated outcrops of sedimentary and volcanic basin fill separated by faults related to rift processes. Continental rift basins, such as the Chilga basin that contain outcrops which can be correlated with marker beds and that can be dated with a suitable dating method provide a unique opportunity in understanding the tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of rift basins. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of this continental rift basin was made using correlation of marker ash beds, radioisotopic and paleomagnetic age dating, depositional environment interpretation, sequence stratigraphic interpretation, and structural analysis.

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Widespread extension occurred within the Variscan orogen and its northern foreland during Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times. This was associated with magmatism and with a fundamental change, at the Westphalian-Stephanian boundary, in the regional stress field, coincident with the termination of orogenic activity and onset of dextral translation between North Africa and Europe. Rifting propagated across basement terranes with different ages and thermal histories. Most of the rift basins developed on relatively thin lithosphere; however, the highly magmatic Oslo Graben initiated within the edge of a craton. Early Stephanian regional uplift is contemporaneous with the onset of magmatism, inviting speculation that it might have been induced by a thermal anomaly within the upper mantle. The contributions to this volume suggest that the geodynamic setting in which magmatism occurred was complex, involving wrench tectonics, slab detachment, and delamination or thermal erosion of the base of the lithosphere.

Also available:

An Atlas of Carboniferous Basin Evolution in Northern England – ISBN 1862391351
European Lithosphere Dynamics – Memoir no 32 – ISBN 1862392129

The Geological Society of London

Founded in 1807, the Geological Society of London is the oldest geological society in the world, and one of the largest publishers in the Earth sciences.

The Society publishes a wide range of high-quality peer-reviewed titles for academics and professionals working in the geosciences, and enjoys an enviable international reputation for the quality of its work.

The many areas in which we publish in include:

-Petroleum geology
-Tectonics, structural geology and geodynamics
-Stratigraphy, sedimentology and paleontology
-Volcanology, magmatic studies and geochemistry
-Remote sensing
-History of geology
-Regional geology guides

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